Gold Nanoparticles - DNA (Double-Stranded)

Gold nanoparticles functionalized with double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides.
 
The sense strand is covalently attached to the nanoparticle surface through a thiol bond. It can be attached either through their 5' or 3' end. The antisense strand is loaded onto the particle by hybridizing to the sense strand.
 
Oligonucleotides can be chosen to be between 11 and 90 bases long. For nucleotides of 59 bases and below, please choose "Short" option in the Oligo Length drop down box. For nucleotides between 60 and 90 bases please choose "Long" option.
 
Please provide the sequence of the sense oligonucleotide that will be covalently attached to the surface in the box below. In the sequence please indicate the location of the thiol (SH) group. For example, the following sequence would be adsorbed through it's 5' end:
" 5'--SH-ACGCGATTCGACCCTGACGATTGGC--3' "
 
NOTE 1:
We have found the best dsDNA loading to occur when the sense strand is first covalently attached to the nanoparticle surface, followed by the hybridization of the antisense. Hybridization in the vicinity of the nanoparticle surface is not 100% efficient, so this process leaves some sense strands as single-stranded. If this is a problem for your specific application, it is possible to first hybridize the two strands and then attach them onto the nanoparticle. However, since double-stranded oligos have significantly higher negative charge compared to single-stranded oligos, this results in much lower nanoparticle loading due to strong electrostatic repulsion between different strands. Please contact us if you need more information.
 
NOTE 2:
To reduce steric hindrance of the DNA molecules near nanoparticle surface, we generally design the antisense strand to be 10 bases shorter then the sense strand. This leave a 10-bases long single-stranded nucleotide spacer directly next to the nanoparticle surface. For example, this double-stranded oligo is attached to nanoparticle through its 5' terminus:
 
5'--SH-ACGCGATTCGACCCTGACGATTGGC--3'                                                                              3'--TGGGACTGCTAACCG--5'
 
 
Core diameter: 4 nm – 100 nm
Stabilized by PEG backfill
Shelf life: > 4 months (4°C storage)
Supplied as liquid suspension in PBS or in water with 0.01% (w/v) Tween-20